diff --git a/src/openflexure_microscope_server/things/autofocus.py b/src/openflexure_microscope_server/things/autofocus.py
index 0093a2de..f426f152 100644
--- a/src/openflexure_microscope_server/things/autofocus.py
+++ b/src/openflexure_microscope_server/things/autofocus.py
@@ -389,13 +389,17 @@ class JPEGSharpnessMonitor:
             )
         return jpeg_heights[np.argmax(jpeg_sizes)]
 
-    def data_dict(self) -> SharpnessDataArrays:
-        """Return the gathered data as a single convenient dictionary."""
+    def data_to_array(self) -> SharpnessDataArrays:
+        """Return the gathered data as SharpnessDataArrays."""
         data = {}
         for k in ["jpeg_times", "jpeg_sizes", "stage_times", "stage_positions"]:
             data[k] = getattr(self, k)
         return SharpnessDataArrays(**data)
 
+    def data_dict(self) -> dict:
+        """Return the gathered data as dict."""
+        return self.data_to_array().model_dump()
+
 
 class AutofocusThing(lt.Thing):
     """The Thing concerned with combinations of z axis movements and the camera.
@@ -436,7 +440,7 @@ class AutofocusThing(lt.Thing):
             # Move to the target position fz (relative move of (peak - current z))
             sharpness_monitor.focus_rel(peak_z - base_z)
             # Return all focus data
-            return sharpness_monitor.data_dict()
+            return sharpness_monitor.data_to_array()
 
     @lt.action
     def z_move_and_measure_sharpness(
@@ -461,7 +465,7 @@ class AutofocusThing(lt.Thing):
                 if move_index > 0 and wait > 0:
                     time.sleep(wait)
                 sharpness_monitor.focus_rel(current_dz)
-            return sharpness_monitor.data_dict()
+            return sharpness_monitor.data_to_array()
 
     @lt.action
     def looping_autofocus(
@@ -841,7 +845,9 @@ class AutofocusThing(lt.Thing):
         return final_z, z_positions
 
     @lt.action
-    def measure_settling_time(self, delay: float = 2, dz: int = 800) -> dict:
+    def measure_settling_time(
+        self, delay: float = 2, dz: int = 800
+    ) -> SharpnessDataArrays:
         """Make a Z move down then up by dz, then pause for delay while monitoring sharpness.
 
         This is useful to see how long to wait for the sharpness value to converge
@@ -850,7 +856,7 @@ class AutofocusThing(lt.Thing):
             sharpness_monitor.focus_rel(-dz)
             sharpness_monitor.focus_rel(dz)
             sharpness_monitor.hold(delay)
-        return sharpness_monitor.data_dict()
+        return sharpness_monitor.data_to_array()
 
 
 class NotAPeakError(lt.exceptions.InvocationError):